What diet should be followed for pancreatitis?

diet for pancreatitis

Every third person suffers from pancreatitis, but not everyone understands the need for a diet for pancreatitis.

Before talking about diet, it is important to understand what pancreatitis is, why it occurs and how it manifests itself.

What is pancreatitis?

Before starting to study this disease, it is necessary to learn more about the organ where the lesion occurred. The pancreas is a hormonal organ with a mixed activity (exocrine + endocrine).

Endocrine function is expressed in the production of its own hormones (glucagon and insulin), the activity of which is aimed at regulating glucose levels.

Exocrine function consists in the production of pancreatic secretions (pancreatic juice) that improve digestion. The organ itself is located in the left hypochondrium behind the stomach.

Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process associated with further damage to the pancreas.

Causes of pancreatitis:

  1. Alcohol abuse.
  2. Mistake in diet, wrong diet.
  3. Diseases associated with damage to the biliary system of the liver (surrounding the gallbladder with bile ducts extending from it). Such diseases include: cholelithiasis, cholangitis, tumors of the large duodenal papilla, tumors of the hepatic portal).
  4. Taking some drugs that have a toxic effect on the pancreas (antibacterial drugs, anti-cancer drugs).

Symptoms of acute and chronic pancreatitis

Chronic and acute pancreatitis are different. Each of these forms has a type of clinical treatment and requires the choice of individual therapy.

How is pancreatitis manifested

It is characterized by acute pancreatitis:

  • Acute lumbar pain in the upper half of the body. Pain can be related to the food eaten and also occurs spontaneously;
  • Rise in body temperature to feverish numbers (38. 1-39. 0 degrees Celsius);
  • Vomiting of edible, sometimes bile-eating foods (when the onset of the disease depends on damage to the bile system of the liver);
  • Nausea with vomiting;
  • Diarrhea (loose stools);
  • Burning of undigested food;
  • High blood glucose number;
  • On palpation of the abdomen (feeling) - the anterior abdominal wall is tense, painful at specific points, typical for the study of pancreatitis and gallbladder disease.

Important!If these symptoms occur, you should see a doctor immediately for more instrumental examination!

Chronic form of pancreatitis is characterized by:

  • Pain in the epigastric (stomach) region. Heaviness in the left hypochondrium (left side). Acute girdle pain is more often accompanied by exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis and occurs 40-50 minutes after a meal;
  • Dyspeptic diseases (associated with damage to the digestive system). These include: vomiting, constipation after eating, followed by diarrhea (complaints of white spots in the stool are possible - these are undigested fat particles and decay products;
  • Dizziness is caused by irritation of the nervous system by unbalanced glucose molecules;
  • Intestine (gas in the stomach);
  • Apparent weight loss.

Complications of pancreatitis

Complications of pancreatitis caused by improper treatment or improper functioning:

  • Transition from acute to chronic;
  • Inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis);
  • If a secondary infection enters an inflamed organ, abscess (limited purulent inflammation) and phlegmon (diffuse purulent inflammation) may occur;
  • Diabetes mellitus - occurs when the smallest structures of the pancreas (Langerhans islets) are affected;
  • Bleeding;
  • Peritonitis (transfer of the inflammatory process from the pancreas to the abdominal cavity);
  • Bleeding - occurs when the organ capsule is broken (extremely rare).

Five basic principles of treatment of pancreatitis

To prevent complications, it is necessary to consult a doctor immediately and follow his recommendations perfectly.

General principles of treatment of pancreatitis

Therapy for acute pancreatitis of the pancreas involves the following principles:

  1. Detoxification treatment (getting rid of the body without poisoning);
  2. Neutralization of excess free glucose in the body;
  3. Removal of inflammation from the pancreas;
  4. Prevention of complications;
  5. Symptom relief.

When hospitalized with an acute form of pancreatitis, all therapeutic measures are primarily aimed at eliminating intoxication (poisoning) of the body.

  1. The patient should be provided with drops containing 1000% to 0. 9% sodium chloride solution in a volume of 1000-1200 ml with 5% glucose solution;
  2. "Hunger" diet is prescribed (only plenty to drink is allowed to rid the body of excess toxins and free glucose);
  3. Diuretics should be prescribed to reduce the circulating blood supply and remove toxins from the body;
  4. Proteinase inhibitors that reduce the increased exocrine activity of the pancreas.

After the poisoning syndrome is removed, additional medical measures are taken to combat the disease. Diet is always recommended for any form of pancreatitis.

Interesting!In the form of acute pancreatitis and exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis, three main components are identified: Cold, Hunger and Rest.

Cold - an ice pack wrapped in a non-synthetic fabric should be applied to the left hypochondrium and kept for 40 minutes, then rested for 20 minutes. This procedure slows down the blood supply, which leads to the development of inflammation.

Diet for pancreatitis

nutrition guidelines for pancreatitis

Diet is a normalized food used for therapeutic purposes and needed to replenish the daily energy balance.

Diet for pancreatic pancreatitis and its components differ in both acute and chronic forms.

Hunger. For pancreatitis, nutrition should be fractional. He should not eat at all for the first two days (to empty his digestive system and reduce the inflammatory process in the pancreas).

During this period, patients are advised to use chamomile, dried fruit compotes, jelly, mint, rose hips, alkaline mineral waters, special solutions.

From day 3, nutritional treatment for pancreatitis is based on a gentle diet.

Important!It is forbidden to eat very hot, very cold, spicy, spicy, sour, smoked, sweet, fried food.

Eat small meals 7-8 times a day. All products should be thermally processed, rubbed or rubbed in a blender. It is recommended to consume up to 2-2, 5 liters of fluid, can be freshly squeezed juices, hips, chamomile, fruit drinks, jellies, compotes, alkaline drinks.

Nutrition for pancreatitis includes certain foods in strictly defined doses: no more than 50 g of wheat crackers per day (rye crackers, first-class bread, fresh bread is prohibited), lean meat (beef, chicken breast, turkey), fish (cod, pike perch, pike, salmon), eggs (1 piece per day. Quail eggs are very rich in nutrients needed to supplement the daily ration).

Low-fat dairy products (milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, cream, baked milk), the use of biokefir is strictly prohibited, as they contain live bacteria that can cause increased fermentation in the intestines of patients with pancreatitis and fresh milk), all vegetables can be consumed (steamed)) and boiled), cereals (rice, oatmeal, cereals, buckwheat, millet), fruits (only green apples are allowed - 1 apple per day, weighing not more than 300 grams).

Tip!On average, the amount of calories consumed per day should not exceed 700-750 kcal. Such a diet for pancreatitis of the pancreas lasts 3 days. From the 5th day of exacerbation of pancreatitis, the amount of calories consumed per day of feeding should be up to 1000.

To do this, increase the amount of protein consumed to 10-15 g per day (protein products: cottage cheese, sour cream, eggs, chicken breast), up to 200 g of simple carbohydrates (cereals, honey, sugar, potatoes).

Sample daily menu for patients with acute pancreatitis from day 5:

  1. Breakfast.Millet porridge (in water), wheat crackers 15 g, sweet tea.
  2. lunch.Boiled beets 45 g, grated, chicken breast 50 g, lemon balm juice
  3. lunch.Vegetable juice 150 g, wheat crackers 15 g, dried fruit compote
  4. Afternoon snack.50 g of mashed potatoes, 30 g of boiled fish, tea without sugar
  5. Lunch.Low-fat cottage cheese casserole 60 grams, hip juice
  6. Second dinner.Skim milk with honey.

This diet should be followed for about 7-10 days. From the 10th day, the number of calories increases to 2000-2500 kcal. Food should completely replenish the body's energy balance and not adversely affect digestive processes.

Nutrition for chronic pancreatitis

What to eat and what not to do with pancreatitis

A strict diet is recommended for chronic pancreatitis. Meals should be fractional, small portions throughout the day.

Meals should be eaten at strictly defined intervals between meals at certain times (for example, 7: 00, 11: 00, 14: 00, 16: 00, 19: 30). Diet No. 5 should often be prescribed for chronic pancreatitis. This is a diet prescribed for therapeutic purposes in diseases of the pancreas, gallbladder, bile ducts, liver.

The following foods are recommended to maintain energy balance and calorie intake for the body to function well.

Approximate ration for therapeutic diet number 5

Protein food.This is a very rich food, a lot of energy is released when it is broken down. Separate animal and vegetable proteins. Animal protein products include: meat (beef, lamb, pork, chicken breast, turkey), fish (cod cellulose, lean salmon, pickles, red fish, seafood - shrimp, squid), dairy products (less)cottage cheese, sour cream, milk, cream, fermented baked milk, cheese, whey, yogurt.

Important!It is not recommended to eat foods containing live bifidobacteria to prevent putrefaction and fermentation in the intestines). The amount of animal protein should not exceed 80 g per day.

Products with vegetable proteins include: cereals (buckwheat, wheat, pearl barley, lentils, nuts (walnuts, almonds, peanuts, sunflower seeds). The amount of vegetable protein should not exceed 100 grams per day.

Legumes are not recommended because they cause fermentation and poorly digested food in the body, which contributes to swelling and the proliferation of pathogenic microflora in the intestinal lumen.

Fatty foods.Fats must be of animal origin.

Tip!The amount of fatty foods should not exceed 70 grams per day. It is recommended to add this product only to ready-made products (porridge, mashed potatoes) immediately before eating.

Carbohydrate foods.Carbohydrates should be simple and easy to digest due to their structure. These products include: sugar, wheat from 1st grade wheat flour, wheat, semolina, potatoes, honey, apples, oranges, tangerines, pears, carrots, bell peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, berries. The daily intake of easily digestible carbohydrates should not exceed 350 grams.

Monthly fasting days are recommended for chronic pancreatitis. Fasting days - are held 2-3 times a month and are characterized by complete abstinence from food; use only alkaline drinks (mineral waters), broths of wild flowers, chamomile, lemon balm. This method of treatment facilitates the work of the pancreas, improves peristalsis (the process of movement of food throughout the digestive system) and reduces the acidity of gastric juice.

Recommended foods for patients with chronic diabetes:

Eating rules for pancreatitis
  • soupsIt is recommended to use vegetables with potatoes, carrots, beets, cabbage, fruits, low-fat meat broths (chicken, beef, turkey, fish). Broths should not be rich without the addition of vegetable oil and animal fats;
  • vegetable puree(potatoes, beets, carrots, broccoli) - vegetables should be thoroughly processed without the addition of milk and fat;
  • side dishes(chicken breast, turkey, fish, beef, boiled or steamed with a minimum amount of salt);
  • pasta made from wholemeal flour is allowed,sprinkled with first-grade wheat flour;
  • cereals(buckwheat, barley, pearl barley, millet, oatmeal, oatmeal). Porridge should be cooked only in water, with a minimum amount of salt and sugar. It is strictly forbidden to add butter to porridge;
  • sourceswild flowers, chamomile, lemon balm, alkaline mineral waters, dried fruit compotes, green tea, milk tea, fresh juices (apple, carrot, beet), skim milk;
  • It is made from 1st grade wheat flour(it is not recommended to use fresh bread and puree from rye and corn flour of the highest grade)

Interesting!For pancreatitis, the daily caloric intake should be 2000-2670 kcal.

Foods that are strictly prohibited for both acute and chronic pancreatitis:

  • Alcoholic beverages;
  • Coffee, strong teas;
  • Fresh wheat and rye bread;
  • Fatty meat broths (from beef, pork, lamb fat cellulose);
  • Animal fats (lard and lamb fat);
  • Bananas, grapes, figs;
  • Subcultures (intestines of animals and birds - brain, liver, kidneys);
  • semolina and rice grains;
  • Fried and smoked fish, fried flour products;
  • Fatty dairy products, fresh milk;
  • Chocolate, sweets.

You must follow a diet for any disease, because it has a beneficial effect on the course of treatment and prevents the development of complications!